I-United States' enkulu complex uqoqosho inikezela mhlawumbi broadest kwezo meko kuba iimveliso neenkonzo kwimbali, kodwa kunye enjalo amathuba kuza umngcipheko scams, ubuqhetseba, kwaye outright ubuselaUmthetho-siseko caveat emptor okanye"umthengi lumkani"bale mihla parlance, kwaye usebenza kangangoko njengoko sele ukusukela kuse commerce.
Kwi-namhlanje ke, uqoqosho, nangona kunjalo, i-consumer unako kuwa victim ukuya nomthengisi bafanele ukubonisa kwempahla okanye neenkonzo, ibhanki, ityala isitalato, okanye enye ushishino ukuba kuthatha ithuba indawo yayo ukuba azibandakanye kwi-deception okanye ubuqhetseba.
Sino devised iindlela, ukwimo zombini ngokufanayo umthetho kwaye federal kwaye urhulumente statutes, ukukhusela kubathengi' amalungelo umdla. Oko wadala Federal Urhwebo Ikhomishini (FTC), nto leyo ibe igcwalisiwe kunye enforcing antitrust nemimiselo ekukhuthazeni consumer protection.
I-FTC ke Bureau of Consumer Protection investigates consumer izikhalazo malunga deceptive urhwebo nezinye iindlela ezilungileyo violations ka-consumer protection statutes.
States kanjalo kuba kwezabo consumer protection statutes ukuba balinde ngokuchasene deception kwaye ubuqhetseba nge amashishini kwaye abantu ukuba sithengise izinto okanye iinkonzo. California ke Kubathengi Isemthethweni Ulungiso Umthetho sesinye kakhulu ngenkxaso consumer protection statutes kweli lizwe. Oko prohibits ezahlukeneyo iifomu ka-ubuxoki izibhengezo, ezifana misrepresenting imvelaphi okanye umgangatho izinto, okanye falsely nto kusetyenziswa okanye deteriorated izinto njengoko"entsha."Urhulumente kwaye federal nemithetho yokukhusela kubathengi ukusuka improper ityala uqokelelo imisebenzi. I-federal Elifanelekileyo Ityala Uqokelelo Ukuba Act (FDCPA) ngokubanzi sichaza"ityala isitalato"njengoko nabani na usebenzisa i-imeyili okanye ezinye izixhobo ka-interstate commerce ukuba bazame ukuqokelela a ityala, ngokusebenzisa ngqo okanye ngqo kuthetha, kuba enye. Layo umyalelo wokhuselo ngu limited ukuba personal, usapho, kwaye indlu amatyala, kwaye ke ngoko ingaba ingaquki ishishini amatyala okanye umntu amatyala ezithe kuba ngeenjongo zoshishino. Oko imisela imida kwi amaxesha ngosuku ngexesha apho wokuqokelelwa babe uqhagamshelane abasebenzisi bamanzi, kwaye kuya kufuna kubo yekani unxibelelwano kunye abasebenzisi bamanzi, ngaphandle kokuba ngokusebenzisa litigation, phezu emveni kokufumana a isicelo esibhaliweyo. I-FDCPA kananjalo inika -umhla ixesha ngexesha apho consumer babe imbambano i-iyasebenza ka ityala kwaye isicelo liqinisekise. Umntu ke credit inqaku sele kuba critically ebalulekileyo enye lolwazi, apho sele nefuthe hayi kuphela ngomhla wakhe okanye yakhe nako ukuthenga i-ekhaya okanye imoto, kodwa kanjalo kwi imisebenzi prospects ngeendlela ezininzi amatyala. Credit lokwenza ingxelo nee-arhente (CRAs) ingaba amaqumrhu abucala kunye abancinane ebonisa okanye oversight, ngoko ke eziliqela statutes ukukhusela kubathengi ngokuchasene ubuxoki okanye ezingachanekanga credit lokwenza ingxelo.
I-Elifanelekileyo Credit lokwenza ingxelo Act (FCRA) ifuna CRAs ukubonelela kubathengi kunye ulwazi equlethwe kulo zabo iifayile kwi ukuba umthengi, kwaye qinisekisa ukuba naluphi na ulwazi disputed nge-i-consumer.
I- utshintsho ngumthetho, Elifanelekileyo kwaye Ichanekile-Credit Eyenziweyo Act, ivumela kubathengi ukuze ufumane enye credit ingxelo rhoqo ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Inyaniso Abolekisa Act (TILA) kuyakhusela kubathengi ngokuchasene deceptive okanye akulunganga ukuba yi-iibhanki nezinye creditors. Kuya kufuna iibhanki nezinye lenders ukuba disclose ewonke iindleko-mboleko, ukuquka zonke izinto ezichaphazela nezinye iindleko kulindeleke ukuba kuhlawulwa ubomi imali-mboleko, ngexesha i-consumer izichazi - promissory qaphela. Ngenxa yemali-mboleko yakho yakwa ukuba yenza lien kwi-consumer ke, indawo yokuhlala, efana ekhaya mortgage refinance, umthetho uvumela a ezintathu -umhla ilungelo rescission, okuthetha ukuba umthengi ukurhoxisa imali-mboleko kunye akukho esangezelelweyo.
I-Real Estate Septemba nemigaqo-nkqubo Act (RESPA) prohibits ezithile deceptive iindlela ezilungileyo kwi-real estate eyenziweyo, kuquka intlawulo ye kickbacks phakathi real estate agents, ukwakhiwa iinkampani, mortgage brokers, kwaye lenders.
Lenders ingaba kufuneka anike okulungileyo-ukholo ingqikelelo-mboleko ke, iindleko, ifana ne - enobudlelane kufunwa yi-TILA.
I-consumer bethenga real estate kanjalo anelungelo lokuba elizeleyo ingxelo, waziwa njengo-a HUD, sibonisa njani ukuthenga ixabiso uya disbursed e ukuvala.
Zokhuseleko ka-kubathengi' ubuqu identifiable ulwazi (PII) critically kakhulu njengoko a kuthetha ka-guarding ngokuchasene uchazo ubusela, kunye namanye amaxwebhu zobuqhophololo. Numerous statutes ukulawula indlela ethile imizi-mveliso ukukhombisa u-kwaye store consumer PII Omnye kakhulu ngenkxaso imithetho ingaba ye-Inshorensi Yezempilo Portability kwaye Ukuthembeka, ukwenza izinto elubala Act (HIPAA), apho imisela imigangatho yesizwe kuba zonyango recordkeeping ukuze akhusele kubathengi'"ezikhuselweyo impilo ulwazi."Omnye uhlobo consumer yangasese umyalelo wokhuselo yi-National Musa Umnxeba Registry (DNCR), apho wenziwa i-FTC ukuthobela Ingaba-Hayi-Call Ukumiselwa Act ka. Abasebenzisi bamanzi babe sayina kuba registry-intanethi, kwaye telemarketers ingaba amashumi omnye imihla ukususela ngomhla ubhaliso ukumisa ubizo ukuba inombolo yefowuni. Abaninzi telemarketing firms ukugcina kwezabo ingaba-hayi-umnxeba uluhlu Ngaphezu a-decade phambi DNCR waya kuhlala, e-USA prohibited njengezingacelwanga faxes kunye Inombolo Consumer Protection Act ka.
I-Highway Ukhuseleko Act ka- wadala Wesizwe Highway Traffic Ukhuseleko Nolawulo (NHTSA), nto leyo enaphatha ibe igcwalisiwe kunye enforcing consumer ukhuseleko imithetho mayela automobiles.
Ngomhla chaza inqanaba, lemon nemithetho yokukhusela kubathengi ngokuchasene ubuxoki okanye olahlekisayo ukuba yi-kusetyenziswa car dealers. Ukongeza kwi-FTCA, federal imithetho efana Consumer Imveliso Ukhuseleko Act (CPSA) kwaye Federal Ukutya kwaye Drug Act (FFDA) zifuna consumer iimveliso, ingakumbi ukutya, iziyobisi, kwaye cosmetics, ukuhlangabezana ezahlukeneyo imigangatho yokhuseleko. I-Consumer Imveliso Ukhuseleko Ikhomishini kwaye Ukutya kwaye Drug Yolawulo enforce abaninzi ezi nemithetho nemiqathango. Uninzi consumer protection statutes enxulumene imveliso ukhuseleko ingaba aimed e nokonzakala kwabo ukuthintela ukususela isithuba. Ukuba umthengi ngu injured nge izinto ezonakeleyo imveliso, umthetho ongabhalwanga phantsi imfundiso ka-iimveliso eyimali ivumela kubo sue kuba umonakalo othe. Uninzi states aqonde ubuncinane zintathu iintlobo defects ukuba ayikwazi inkxaso ibango: a uyilo yomonakalo, xa imveliso ngu inherently unsafe, nemizi-mveliso yomonakalo, xa yomonakalo kwenzeka ngexesha imveliso nkqubo, okanye intengiso yomonakalo, xa imveliso ngu yapapashwa okanye zibhengezwe kuba i-improper sebenzisa ukuba wenza i-injury.
