Kwi-mthetho iimeko, inkundla limisela guilt okanye innocence ka-umtyholwa kwaye imposes a isivakalisi xa umtyholwa ufunyenwe benetyalaUluntu abatshutshisi kwaye amapolisa amagosa thatha kwentlawulo ka-uphando yolwaphulo-mthetho. Njengoko jikelele umthetho, suspect ngu-beka phantsi uphando ngaphandle ekubeni ababanjiweyo okanye detained. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi ezithile iimeko, investigative abasemagunyeni unako arrest okanye detain a suspect emva kokuba ufumane warrant ukusuka ijaji. Ukuba suspect ngu ibambe kwi-act of committing a ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye exigent zikho iimeko, warrant zibe wazuza emva arrest. Ijaji inikeza warrant kuphela ukuba suspect ayina fixed ihleli okanye kukho ezivakalayo ukukholelwa ukuba suspect babe umzamo yokuphepha okanye ukutshabalalisa ubungqina. Ulwaphulo-mthetho iingxoxo begin kunye indictment loluntu prosecutor ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngumthetho. Uluntu prosecutor nokuzisa kunjalo phambi kokuba inkundla ngumthetho isishwankathelo iingxoxo xa oko lithatyathwa ukuba offense ngu punishable yi-esilungileyo. Kwiindawo ezinjalo kunjalo, umgwebi idla ngemiba i isishwankathelo ukuze ngaphandle bephethe i-linge. Ukuba umgwebi sibona kufanelekile oko ezingafanelekanga ukuba kukhutshwe i isishwankathelo olungcwele, yena - yena unako jonga kunjalo ukuya rhoqo yovavanyo iingxoxo. Umtyholwa unakho ngokunjalo isicelo rhoqo yovavanyo iingxoxo, zingaphelanga iintsuku ezisixhenxe ukususela ngomhla we-isaziso ye-isishwankathelo indlela kokuva ngu ebibanjwe ngomhla courtroom kwi kokuva umhla kwaye vula uluntu.
Kuya kuqala nge owongamelayo umgwebi ecela umtyholwa personal uchazo ezifana igama umhla wokuzalwa.
Emva koko kulandela i-ingxelo nge-wonke prosecutor ye-essentials ye-accusation, ngqo questioning ka-umtyholwa yi-public prosecutor, umnqamlezo-njalo umtyholwa yi-the nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso, njalo ubungqina, ingxelo ye-imbono yi-public prosecutor, ukuvala isiphumezi-miyalelo yi-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso, kwaye final statement yi-umtyholwa.
Umtyholwa linelungelo ukufumana uncedo yecebiso bakhe - wakhe nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ekuhambeni ka-uphando ngokunjalo yovavanyo iingxoxo. Yovavanyo iingxoxo ayikwazi ukuqhubeka kwi kubekho nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso xa umtyholwa ngu ibe igcwalisiwe angeliso offense punishable yi-ukufa esangezelelweyo, ubomi nokuvalelwa, okanye nokuvalelwa kuba ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu. Kwiindawo ezinjalo kunjalo, ukuba akukho nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso wenziwe wonyulwa yindlu umtyholwa, inkundla kufuneka yabela a nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso ex officio. Ngaphezu koko, inkundla kufuneka kanjalo yabela a nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso ex officio kwi-kwezi meko: apho umtyholwa yi encinci apho umtyholwa ufumana amashumi asixhenxe eminyaka ubudala okanye ngaphezulu apho umtyholwa ngu zezithulu esisimumu apho umtyholwa ngu suspected ka-mental kwaye yesitalato unsoundness kwaye apho kukho isicelo nge-i-indigent defendant.
I-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso yabelwe libhunga inkundla ngokuba yabelwe ingcebiso okanye uluntu defender.
Kwimeko apho ukuba investigative abasemagunyeni, emva arrest ye-suspect, funani a warrant of detention, suspect, lakhe - wakhe nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso, isemthethweni ummeli, lowo utshate naye, lineal sizalwane, umzalwana okanye udade, intloko khaya, ilungu losapho, cohabitant, okanye umqeshi babe isicelo umgwebi ukuba luhlole i-suspect phambi igqiba kwi nokuba mba a warrant of detention.
Uluntu prosecutor okanye amapolisa igosa kufuneka bazise suspect ka-ilungelo isicelo nakwiimviwo kwaye abonise kwi mbali nokuba suspect ucele nakwiimviwo okanye hayi.
Xa investigative abasemagunyeni bafuna a warrant of detention kuba suspect ongelilo phantsi arrest, umgwebi, ukuba lithatyathwa kuyimfuneko, babe luhlole yena - yena ex officio phambi igqiba kwi nokuba mba a warrant of detention. I-suspect kwaye yakhe - wakhe nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo ingcebiso ingaba wanika ithuba ngokupheleleyo imeko uluvo malunga offense yena - yena ngu suspected ka kwaye emidlalo kuba detention. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo iziphumo nakwiimviwo ngokunjalo iimbali linikelwe i-investigative abasemagunyeni, umgwebi lugqiba kwi nokuba emidlalo kuba detention zikho kwaye nokuba iimeko i lungelelanisa detention. I-suspect okanye nayiphi na abantu abachaphazelekayo kukhankanywe ngasentla babe cela linalo igunya inkundla ukuba uhlole legality of arrest okanye detention phambi uluntu prosecutor umfundisi zolwaphulo mthetho intshukumo, xa warrant of arrest okanye detention wenziwe ekhutshwe ngokuchasene nomthetho okanye xa iimeko kuba substantially itshintshe emva detention. Inkundla, ngoko nangoko yokuhlola legality of arrest okanye detention, ii-odolo ukukhutshwa umtyholwa apho kukho elisebenzayo emhlabeni kuba isicelo. Inkundla ingayalela mvume ukukhutshwa umtyholwa phezu isicelo nge-umtyholwa okanye ex officio phantsi imeko intlawulo bail imali aka ukukhutshwa kwi bail.
A ukubhalwa ukuzibophelela ekhatshwe ngokwenene i-inshorensi-nkqubo ibe zifakelwe kuba bail imali.
Xa ukukhutshwa kwi bail ngu wanika, inkundla ikholisa ukuba i-odolo defendant ukuhlala ngaphakathi yesitalato kwimida yakhe - wakhe ngqo neighborhood okanye ekhaya. Kwi-mthetho iingxoxo, lies phezu uluntu prosecutor ukuba kuvavanya guilt ka-umtyholwa I inkundla limisela guilt okanye innocence ka-umtyholwa kwi isiseko ubungqina ekhutshwe ngumkhuseli woluntu prosecutor kwaye luthobela-Siseko kunye nomthetho. Xa i-vuma yi-umtyholwa kuphela ubungqina ngokuchasene naye - wakhe, yena - yena akanako kugwetywa benetyala. Corroborating ubungqina ukuxhasa i-vuma ngu indispensable kuba conviction Vuma ka-umtyholwa extracted yi-torture, udushe, threat okanye emva unjustly prolonged detention, okanye suspected ukuba zithe made involuntarily, awunakuba kuba ungeniswe njengokuba ubungqina guilt. Ukuba guilt alifumanisanga sele ikungqinile ngaphaya a amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuthandabuza, inkundla ubhengeze umtyholwa hayi benetyala.
Kwiindawo ezinjalo kunjalo, umtyholwa abo wenziwe wabeka phantsi detention banelungelo lokufumana ibango imbuyekezo njengoko kuvunyelwa ngumthetho.
Inkundla ifumanise umtyholwa benetyala ukuba kwingxowa-umtyholwa imele a ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye ubungqina lubanele conviction. Xa umtyholwa ufunyenwe benetyala, inkundla imposes isohlwayo ezifana nokufa esangezelelweyo, kunye nokuvalelwa asebenze, nokuvalelwa ngaphandle asebenze, deprivation ka-iinkcukacha, ulwandiso ka-iinkcukacha, kulungile, penal detention, encinci kakuhle, kwaye confiscation. Nokuvalelwa kunye okanye ngaphandle basebenza unako wambi kuba ubomi okanye kuba esikhethekileyo ixesha. Elikhankanyiweyo elithi iqhele ukusuka kwesinye nyanga amathathu eminyaka, kodwa sibe kwandiswa amahlanu eminyaka kwi-ukukhanya ethile aggravating iimeko. Hayi kuphela umtyholwa kodwa kanjalo uluntu prosecutor eletha isibheno ngokuchasene isihlalo rendered yi-yovavanyo inkundla zingaphelanga iintsuku ezisixhenxe ukususela ngomhla umgwebo rendered. Kukho abancinane umahluko phakathi isibheno kwaye yovavanyo iingxoxo Kwimeko isibheno wenziwe ukuba sifakwe sisigqeba umtyholwa, isohlwayo azinako severer kunokuba yoqobo isihlalo. Nezibheno ngokuchasene isihlalo wenkundla ka-nezibheno zibe ezenziwe sesi sibini kunye Supreme Inkundla zingaphelanga iintsuku ezisixhenxe ukususela ngomhla umgwebo rendered. Isibheno ukuba Supreme Inkundla kufuneka ziqulathe esinye okanye nangaphezulu emidlalo ngokukodwa emiselwe Yolwaphulo-Nkqubo Umthetho. Ijaji yenkundla a wesithili inkundla, isebe enkundleni, okanye likamasipala inkundla inakho imposiso yorhwebo lwangaphakathi a kulungile na obugqithileyo kuma, isikorean uphumelele (malunga nama-NATHI dollazi njengoko ka-oktobha) okanye penal detention kuba ngaphantsi kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu phantsi isishwankathelo yovavanyo iingxoxo kwi-misdemeanor iimeko ezifana ukwaphulwa komthetho Road Traffic Act, Isohlwayo ka-Encinci Offenses Act, njalo-njalo. Oyintloko we-linalo igunya amapolisa station, hayi woluntu prosecutor, linelungelo ukuzisa kunjalo phambi komgwebi phantsi isishwankathelo yovavanyo iingxoxo.
Ukuba ijaji sibona kufanelekile ukuba kunjalo sithuba esaneleyo kuba isishwankathelo yovavanyo iingxoxo, umgwebi ku cima meko.
Emva dismissal, oyintloko we kwisikhululo samapolisa ifuna ukwenza ityala Wesithili-Wonke Prosecutor ngu-Ofisi ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Noba umtyholwa okanye oyintloko a amapolisa station, ukuba dissatisfied kunye isihlalo, isicelo senkxaso rhoqo yovavanyo iingxoxo, zingaphelanga iintsuku ezisixhenxe ukususela ngomhla umgwebo rendered. Xa isigwebo phantsi isishwankathelo yovavanyo iingxoxo uba zokugqibela kwaye conclusive, sele efanayo ukusebenza njengoko a zokugqibela kwaye conclusive isigwebo phantsi yesiqhelo yovavanyo iingxoxo.
