Nangona kunjalo, isixa-mali kakuhle kufuneka, ubuncinane
A kulungile okanye mulct yimali ukuba inkundla umthetho okanye ezinye igunya lugqiba ukuba sele kuhlawulwa njengoko isohlwayo kuba ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ezinye ukona
Isixa-mali a kakuhle kusenokuba omiselwe kunjalo nge-meko, kodwa kukholisa ukuba bazise kwangaphambili.
Ezona amaxesha amaninzi sebenzisa ixesha ngu yemali punishments kuba ikhomishini yolwaphulo-mthetho, ngakumbi encinci yolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye njengoko lonke ityala lesi a ibango. A izifaniso, ngokuqhelekileyo asetyenziswa zasekuhlaleni umthetho iintshukumo, mulct. Omnye ngokufanayo umzekelo kakuhle ufumana imali ehlawulweyo kuba violations ka-traffic imithetho. Okwangoku ngesingesi ongabhalwanga phantsi, i-small fines zisetyenziswa noba indawo okanye ecaleni uluntu inkonzo iiodolo low-inqanaba, ulwaphulo-mthetho offences. Inkulu fines bamele kanjalo onikiweyo independently okanye ecaleni shorter entolongweni izivakalisi xa umgwebi okanye umantyi uqwalasela a considerable isixa-mali retribution kuyimfuneko, kodwa kukho engathndwayo ukuba abe ezibalulekileyo ingozi uluntu. Umzekelo, ubuqhetseba rhoqo wayesohlwaywa ngokuthi kakhulu enkulu fines ukusukela fraudsters ingaba ngokuqhelekileyo ukugxotha ukususela indawo okanye khondo lobungcali-mfundo lilonke baya uyahlukunyezwa ukuba banikele yolwaphulo-mthetho. Abanye fines ingaba ezincinane, ezifana kuba loitering, apho fines aqala kwi malunga dollazi amabini anesihlanu ku dollazi.
Kwezinye iindawo ka-United States (umzekelo California, Enew York, Texas, kwaye comment ingxwaba D.
C.), fines kuba petty yolwaphulo-mthetho, ezifana-mthetho mischief (shouting kwi-wonke iindawo, projecting i-object e a amapolisa car) aqala kwi dollazi ukuba dollazi. Kwi-Iinkundla zoomantyi Umthetho wama, ngaphandle kokuba imeko ngenye indlela kufuna, kusithiwa 'kakuhle', ngaphandle kokuba ngeenjongo na enactment imposing a umda kwi isixa-mali nayiphi na imiqathango, kuquka nayiphi na pecuniary esangezelelweyo okanye pecuniary forfeiture okanye pecuniary imbuyekezo ziyabhatalwa phantsi conviction.
Kwicandelo amashumi amabini ukuba Umthetho, kusithiwa 'kakuhle' iquka pecuniary esangezelelweyo kodwa akakwazi ziquka pecuniary forfeiture okanye pecuniary imbuyekezo.
Kwi-amacandelo elinesihlanu ukuya amashumi amabini kwaye amane anesibhozo ka-Yolwaphulo-Mthetho Umthetho sowe, kusithiwa 'kakuhle' uquka nawuphi na pecuniary esangezelelweyo.
Engilane, ngoku kukho inkqubo apho inkundla inika offender 'imiqathango ikhadi' oko kukuthi nje noko na ikhadi lebhanki letyala, nangaliphi na-shop ukuba ubani ukubhatala-umatshini yena akahlawuli ixabiso kakuhle kwi-shop, apho ke isebenzisa kakuhle ikhadi okokuba imali kwi inkundla ke bank i-akhawunti.
A enxulumene ingcamango ingaba fixed esangezelelweyo isaziso, pecuniary esangezelelweyo kuba abanye encinci yolwaphulo-mthetho ukuba unako wambi olwamkelekileyo (endaweni prosecution, njalo ukugcina ixesha paperwork, okanye ithathwe ukuba inkundla kuba eqhelekileyo iingxoxo kuba ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngexesha technically esilungileyo, ethe, phantsi Wamalungelo, zibe levied kuphela emva a conviction, wakhonza enye injongo isohlwayo. Kutsha nje imizekelo fines ziquka wergild okanye igazi imali ehlawulwe phantsi-Anglo-Saxon ongabhalwanga phantsi kuba ebangela ukufa. I-murderer izakuba kulindeleke ukuba uhlawule isixa imali okanye impahla dependent kwi loluntu ubume i-victim. Nonozakuzaku, ulwaphulo-Mthetho Ikhowudi akuthethi ukuba ziqulathe ethile izixa-mali kuba fines kuba wonke komthetho. Endaweni ukuba ulwaphulo-Mthetho Ikhowudi ibonelela ezintandathu kakuhle iindidi.
Wonke esangezelelweyo lokulingana ye-Mthetho Ikhowudi siqulathe imiqathango udidi.
Iindidi ingaba: Ezi sums ngabo kuphela i-ephezulu umda, ke ukuya kwi-umgwebi okanye prosecutor ukugqiba kanye isixa - esilungileyo. I-sums ka-iindidi asoloko, amakhulu amabini anamashumi umphinda-phinde ngo isixa-mali kuqala uhlobo. Ukongeza kwi-kulungile, convict kanjalo sele ukuba ahlawule i-yolawulo imali ka. Xa umgwebi convicts oyedwa ukuba kulungile, umgwebi kufuneka kanjalo umisele ithuba substitute nokuvalelwa.
Oku substitute nokuvalelwa uza ekufuneka usetyenzisiwe kwimeko ukuba kulungile ihlala unpaid.
Umgwebi babe ubalo ngenye imini nokuvalelwa kuba wonke unpaid, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo lwabagwebi reckon ngenye imini kuba wonke amahlanu apho iyahlala unpaid. Nangona, substitute nokuvalelwa kufuneka, ubuncinane, ngenye imini (nkqu nangona kakuhle waba) kwaye ayikwazi zingaphezu unyaka omnye (nkqu nangona kakuhle waba.). Xa umntu irrevocable convicted ukuba kulungile, ke ukuya kwi-wonke prosecutor ukuya kuqokelela i kakuhle. Ukwenza njalo, (xhosa: central-matyala uqokelelo-arhente) lusekiwe. Okokuqala, CJIB uza kuthumela ingxelo convict i kakuhle. Ukuba convict akahlawuli i kakuhle le meko ivaliwe (ngokubhatala, convict uyaphulukana ekunene ukuya isibheno ngokunjalo), ukuba lowo akuthethi ukuba, ityala liya kuba waqhubeka. I-CJIB uza ngoko, thumela i-convict isikhumbuzi, nangona oku umkhumbuzi: uya ziqulathe ingxelo elijikelezayo ka. Ukuba oku akuthethi ukuba baphile ukuba intlawulo kulungile, CJIB ndiya kuthumela omnye info, ngoku nge nyusa abangamashumi amabini, nangona kunjalo, phakamisa kufuneka, ubuncinane. Xa idityanisiwe uqhubekeka kuba unpaid, CJIB uza instruct a bailiff ukuya kuqokelela i kakuhle nonetheless. Oku bailiff unakho, umzekelo, seize i-convict ke ingeniso kwaye ngalo yakhe possessions.
I-zixamali esekwe urhulumente, ugqitha i-royal umyalelo
Ukuba la manyathelo musa iziphumo ngokupheleleyo uqokelelo lwe kulungile, bailiff uza kubuyela ityala kwi-prosecutor. I-prosecutor uza ukuze amapolisa ukuba arrest i-convict, ukuze ukwazi ukuphumeza ngaphambi koko ukubhalwa substitute nokuvalelwa. I ubude nokuvalelwa iya kuba ipesenti-wise ukuphumela ukuba convict sele ihlawulwe a sum, kodwa asiyiyo yonke isixa-mali kakuhle. Emva substitute nokuvalelwa i-convict iza kuba free umntu kwakhona. Kanjalo uphumelele ukuba kufuneka ahlawule kakuhle simemo kwakhona kwaye ityala iya kuba ivaliwe. Phambi kokuba omnye septemba, yonke imiqobo violations baba wayesohlwaywa nge yolwaphulo-mthetho. I-suspects baba kuqala wanikela a khetha ka-plea bargain. Ukuba suspect asikwazanga ahlawule imiqathango yalo plea bargain, uluntu prosecutor kokuba ukuvula i-mthetho kunjalo, kungenjalo lowo akusebenzi khange wagunyazisa ukuya kuqokelela i kakuhle ngokusebenzisa umkhosi. Kunjalo kokuba abe withdrawn xa umthamo kweenkundla okanye prosecutor ngu-ofisi asikwazanga vumela ukuqala zolwaphulo mthetho meko kuba traffic utyeshelo lomgaqo. Oku kwaba kunjalo kakhulu rhoqo Le meko kukhokelele thabatha gcwalisa iinjongo, ngenxa traffic offenders ayethembe kwaye kulindeleke zabo meko ibe withdrawn, asikwazanga ahlawule plea bargain kakuhle.
Oku kukhokelele a lokukhula uxinzelelo umthamo kweenkundla, nto leyo isenza ngakumbi sepots (izigqibo hayi prosecute).
Oku bayakhuthazwa ngakumbi offenders na ukuhlawula, njalo-njalo. Ukuze yeka le gcwalisa iinjongo, unobhala-jikelele kwisebe lobulungisa (ngelo xesha), Ugq Albert Mulder, yenzelwe entsha inkqubo komthetho. Phantsi kwesi entsha yokusebenza, urhulumente acquired ilungelo isishwankathelo foreclosure. I isishwankathelo foreclosure kuthetha ukuba CJIB unako ukuphumeza kakuhle ngqo, ngaphandle kokuba fined ngokulawulwa uya isibheno. Inkqubo malunga imibuzo wanikela traffic violations ilawulwa yi-Administrative Ukunyanzeliswa traffic Imithetho Umthetho. Ngokunxulumene WAHV ubukhulu isixa i-administrative kulungile ngu-efanayo njengoko ubukhulu isixa-mali sokuqala udidi (Aph. u-icandelo ezintathu WvSr, ulwaphulo-Mthetho Ikhowudi) Kanye kakuhle ngamnye utyeshelo lomgaqo-izimisele nge-i-isihlomelo ye-WAHV. Ukongeza kwi-kulungile, fined ngokulawulwa uza kananjalo kufuneka ahlawule iindleko zolawulo ngokunjalo. Isixa-mali iindleko zolawulo kanjalo uya kuba omiselwe ngumthetho umphathiswa. Kanye phantsi wenziwe fined yi-igosa okanye photographed nge speed ikhamera, uya kufumana isigqibo zingaphelanga iinyanga ezine. Esi sigqibo siza kuqulatha omfutshane inkcazelo utyeshelo lomgaqo, indawo kunye nexesha le-utyeshelo lomgaqo-waba wanikela kwaye isixa - esilungileyo. Mcimbi uya kuba isibini nemigaqo yokusebenzisa imichiza ngoku. Unako ahlawule kulungile okanye unako yiya kwi isibheno. Kwi-umahluko enkundleni imposed kulungile, xa phantsi sele wahlawula kulungile, woligcina ekunene ukuya isibheno.
Nomcimbi unako yiya kwi isibheno ngaphakathi kwiiveki ezintandathu.
Lokuqala umzekelo, ngokulawulwa ibongoza uluntu prosecutor. I-prosecutor uya yaza yarhoxisa kakuhle ngokupheleleyo xa yena thinks i-appellant ingaba akunjalo. Uya yehlisa isixa - kulungile ukuba lowo thinks ukuba suspect ngu iifayile ekunene. Ukuba prosecutor thinks ukuba suspect ayi kunjalo, uya ukuxhasa i-esilungileyo. Njengoko ixesha elide njengoko prosecutor alifumanisanga wenza isigqibo malunga isibheno, suspect akanalo ukuba ahlawule kakuhle kanti. Xa prosecutor lenze isigqibo, i-suspect kwakhona uza kuba isibini nemigaqo yokusebenzisa imichiza. Unako ukuhlawula okanye lowo umse isibheno e inkqubo ephantsi-wesithili umgwebi yakhe arrondissement (okanye arrondissement le ndawo apho disputed utyeshelo lomgaqo-waba wanikela). Kodwa ngoku, suspect sele ukuba ahlawule imiqathango njengoko ngokwenene. Ukuba suspect akuthethi ukuba ahlawule ngokuqinisekileyo, umgwebi uza kubhengeza kuye inadmissible (njalo kakuhle iya kuba upheld).
Umgwebi iya kuba efanayo nemigaqo yokusebenzisa imichiza njengoko prosecutor.
Unako yaza yarhoxisa kulungile, hlisa imiqathango, okanye ukuxhasa i-esilungileyo. Ukuba (eseleyo) kulungile ngu ngaphezulu kwama-asixhenxe kwaye suspect okanye - okanye prosecutor akuthethi ukuba umi kunye inkqubo ephantsi-wesithili umgwebi ke verdict, suspect okanye prosecutor unako yiya kwi isibheno ngexesha lokugqibela. Yena ingaba ukuba ngexesha inkundla isibheno ka-Arnhem-Leeuwarden kwi-Leeuwarden. Oku isibheno uza kwaziswa ngembalelwano, ngaphandle kokuba appellant, ngamnye se, ufuna ukuyenza lomlomo. Ukuba kulungile ngu ngaphantsi kwama, okanye appellant ke isibheno ngu asivunywanga kwi-Leeuwarden, akuyi kuba akukho isemthethweni ulungiso simemo kwakhona kwaye ityala liya kuba luvaliwe. I-appellant ke, ngokuqinisekileyo ndiya kuba eguquliweyo i ukuya kakuhle.
