Uthetha-thethwano baba ndagqiba ngomhla we- februwari
I-Japan-Korea Treaty ka, eyaziwa njenge-Japan-Korea Treaty ka-Amity kwi-Isijapanese okanye Treaty ka-Ganghwa Island kwi-isikorean, lenziwa phakathi abameli ka-i Empire of Japan kwaye isikorean Ubukumkani Joseon kwi
Ngojanuwari, Ukumkani Cheoljong afe ngaphandle i-indlalifa kwaye Gojong ascended kwetrone ngalo eli.
Nangona kunjalo, Ukumkani Gojong waba kakhulu young kwaye omtsha ukumkani ke ubawo, Yi Eziyi-ŭng, waba i-Daewongun okanye inkosi enkulu kwinkundla, kwaye ruled Korea kwi, unyana wakhe, ngu igama. Ekuqaleni igama Daewongun ekubhekiswe kuye nawuphi na umntu owaye hayi ngokuqinisekileyo ukumkani kodwa abantliziyo unyana wathabatha kwetrone. I-Daewongun initiated reforms ukomeleza nobukumkani ngomhla iindleko ezinokufumaneka ye-yangban iklasi. Nkqu phambi nineteenth century, Koreans kokuba kuphela kwagcinwa diplomatic ubudlelwane yayo suzerain China kunye wayalela Ejapan. Langaphandle urhwebo waba ikakhulu limited ukuba China ihlole e libeke iindawo noku isikorean-Manchurian umda, kwaye ne-Japan ngokusebenzisa Waegwan kwi-Pusan. Yi-mid-nineteenth century Westerners kokuba kuza jonga Korea njengoko Hermit Ubukumkani. I-Daewongun waba omiselwe ukuqhubeka Korea ke esiqhelekileyo isolationist mgaqo-nkqubo kwaye coca ubukumkani na langaphandle izimvo ukuba kokuba infiltrated kwi isizwe. I-disastrous iziganeko isithuba kwi-China, kuquka Lokuqala anesibini Opium iimfazwe, reinforced yakhe determination ukuba ezahlukeneyo Korea ukususela kuphumla yehlabathi. Ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya mid-nineteenth century Western izikhephe waqalisa ukwenza rhoqo appearances kwi-isikorean amanzi, surveying yolwandle emiselwe kwezo ndlela kwaye ezama urhwebo. I-isikorean urhulumente waba kakhulu wary kwaye olukhankanywe ezi izikhephe njengoko engaqhelekanga-ujonge iinqanawa. Ngojuni, inqanawe kwi-British Inkampani i-India, i-Nkosi Amherst, wabonakala ngaphandle i-coast ka-Hwanghae Kwiphondo ezama urhwebo kodwa waba wala. Ngojuni omnye British warship, Samarang, surveyed i-coast ka-Cheju-ingaba kwaye Chŏlla phondo. Ezi zinto zilandelayo inyanga le isikorean urhulumente ezenziwe sesi sibini a protest nge-British abasemagunyeni kwi-Guangzhou ngokusebenzisa Isitshayina urhulumente. Ngojuni, zintathu isifrentshi warships dropped-ankile ngaphandle i-coast ka-Chungcheong Phondo kwaye conveyed ileta protesting intshutshiso ka-Catholics kweli lizwe.
Ngoaprili, zimbini armed Russian izikhephe sailed ukuya empuma coast ka-Hamgyong Phondo, ebangela abanye lokufa kwabantu nokonzakala kwabo phakathi Koreans baya idibene.
Oku Prompted i-isikorean urhulumente ukuba kukhutshwe i-ban lisala abantu kwiphondo ukusuka ekubeni nawuphi na uqhagamshelane kunye langaphandle izikhephe. Ngojanuwari julayi, iinqanawa manned yi-isijamani adventurer Ernst J. Oppert wabonakala ngaphandle i-coast ka-Chungcheong Phondo, ezama urhwebo.
Ngoagasti, i-i-american merchant inqanawa, Jikelele Sherman, wabonakala ngaphandle i-coast ka-Pyongan Phondo, steaming noku Taedong River yephondo eyinkunzi ka-Pyongyang, waza wacela imvume urhwebo.
Wobulali amagosa wala kungena urhwebo ithetha kwaye lanyanzelisa inqanawe ke departure.
A isikorean esemthethweni waba ke kuthathelwe hostage aboard i-esonyuliweyo yayo, crew namalungu abalawuli guns e enraged isikorean amagosa kwaye civilians onshore. I-crew ke landed ashore kwaye plundered nedolophu kwi-nkqubo killing ezisixhenxe Koreans. Zomlawuli elo Pak Kyu-su ilungisiwe imikhosi yakhe ukutshabalalisa enqanaweni. Kwimeko apho i-Jikelele Sherman wabaleka aground kwi sandbar kwaye isikorean imikhosi burned inqanawe kwaye bambulala inqanawe ke lonke crew ka. Kwi- emva uphumezo eziliqela yayo Catholic abefundisi kunye isikorean Catholics, isifrentshi yamiselwa a punitive expedition ngokuchasene Korea. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva ngowe, Americans kanjalo yamiselwa i-expedition ukuba Korea. Nangona oku, Koreans ukuqhubeka adhere to isolationism waza wala bayathetha ukuvula kweli lizwe. Ngexesha Edo xesha, Ejapan ke ubudlelwane phakathi norhwebo kunye Korea ezaqhutywayo ngokusebenzisa intermediaries kunye Sō usapho Tsushima. A Isijapanese outpost ngokuba waegwan wavunyelwa ukuba kugcinwa kwi-Tongnae kufutshane Pusan. I-traders baba confined ukuba outpost kwaye akukho Isijapanese baba bavunyelwe ukuba utyelele i-isikorean imali kwi i-seoul. Ngexesha aftermath ye-Meiji ubuyiselo kwi emva kwexesha, ilungu Sō daimyō ezifanelekileyo i-isikorean abasemagunyeni ukuba omtsha urhulumente elalimiselwe kwaye i-envoy izakuba uthunyiweyo evela Ejapan. Kwi- i-envoy ukususela Meiji urhulumente bafika kwi-south Korea oqhuba ileta ucela ukuba bamisa goodwill wexesha phakathi ezimbini amazwe leta equlethwe i-tywina ye-Meiji urhulumente kunokuba i-seals wagunyazisa yi-isikorean Inkundla kuba Sō usapho ukusebenzisa. Kanjalo kusetyenziswa uphawu ko kunokuba taikun ukuba jonga Isijapanese emperor. I-Koreans isetyenziswa kuphela oku uphawu kuphela jonga Isitshayina emperor, kwaye Koreans ngayo naziphina iziqinisekiso eziqukiweyo ceremonial superiority ukuba isikorean yomlawuli ophezulu oko kuyenza le isikorean yomlawuli ophezulu a vassal okanye isihloko somgaqo-Isijapanese ngumlawuli. I-Isijapanese baba nangona kunjalo nje reacting yabo domestic ezopolitiko imeko apho Shogun bebe endaweni yi-emperor. I-Koreans zihleli kwi-sinocentric ihlabathi apho China waba kwi-centre of interstate ubudlelwane phakathi kwaye kangangokuba wala kufumana envoy. I-bureau of langaphandle imicimbi babefuna ukutshintsha ezi amalungiselelo omnye ngokusekelwe bale mihla imo-imo ubudlelwane phakathi. Kwi-south Korea, Heungseon Daewongun, abo esenziwe a umgaqo-nkqubo ukuvala doors kwi-European amagunya, waba banyanzeleka kuyo umhlala-phantsi ngo unyana wakhe Ukumkani Gojong kwaye Gojong ke umfazi, Empress Myeongseong. France ne-United States kokuba sele zenziwe eziliqela luphumelele azame begin commerce kunye Joseon dynasty ngexesha Heungseon Daewongun u-era. Nangona kunjalo, emva waba isuke amandla, ezininzi ezintsha amagosa abo ezixhaswayo i-unye ka-ukuvula i-commerce kunye foreigners wathabatha amandla. Xa kwabakho ezopolitiko instability, Ejapan kwaphuhliswa isicwangciso vula kwaye exert impembelelo kwi-south Korea phambi a European amandla ayikwazi. Kwi, babo isicwangciso waba wafakwa senzo: Un'yō, encinane Isijapanese warship phantsi umyalelo we Inoue Yoshika, waba yiya kwinkunkuma ukuba ikho a bonisa komkhosi kwaye uphando kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni amanzi ngaphandle isikorean imvume. Ngoseptemba, inqanawe ufikelele Ganghwa Island, apho bebe kwinxuwa ka-violent confrontations phakathi isikorean imikhosi kwaye langaphandle imikhosi elidlulileyo-decade. Kwi, island yaba briefly uxakekile yi-French, kwaye kanjalo ngowe- ngokulawulwa i-american la manyathelo okungenelela. I-memories abo confrontations babebaninzi kakhulu inyama, kwaye kwakukho abancinane umbuzo ukuba isikorean garrison ingaba shoot nangaliphi na approaching langaphandle enqanaweni. Nonetheless, Omncinci Inoue ilungisiwe encinane boat yamiselwa - allegedly kwi-befuna drinkable amanzi. I-isikorean forts evuliweyo umlilo I-Un'yō azisa yayo superior firepower ubungqina kwaye silenced i-isikorean guns. Ngoko ke, yahlasela omnye isikorean fort kwi Yeongjong Island baza barhoxa emva Ejapan. Japan uqeshiwe gunboat diplomacy ukuba cinezela Korea ukuba umqondiso esi unequal treaty. I-pact evuliweyo phezulu Korea, njengoko Commodore Mateyu Perry ke fleet Abamnyama Iinqanawa kokuba evuliweyo phezulu Japan ngowe.
Ngokunxulumene treaty, ophele ngowama-Joseon ke, isimo njengokuba tributary imeko Qing dynasty waza wavula ezintathu lamazibuko ukuba Isijapanese urhwebo.
I-Treaty kanjalo wanika i-Isijapanese abantu abaninzi efanayo amalungelo kwi-south Korea ukuba Westerners afunyanwe kwi-Japan, ezifana extraterritoriality. Oyintloko treaty negotiators baba Kuroda Kiyotaka, Umlawuli we-Hokkaidō Colonization-Ofisi, kwaye Shin Heon, Jikelele - Umphathiswa Joseon-dynasty Korea. Ezi zinto zilandelayo kunyaka wabona a Isijapanese fleet ebelikhokelwa Ezikhethekileyo Envoy Kuroda Kiyotaka nokuza phezu Joseon, demanding i-apology ukususela isikorean urhulumente kwaye yokusasaza ngeenjongo zokurhweba treaty phakathi ezimbini izizwe.
I-isikorean urhulumente kugqitywe ukwamkela imfuneko, ithemba ukungenisa abanye ubugcisa ukuze bakhusele ilizwe esuka na elizayo invasions.
Nangona kunjalo, treaty ingaba ekugqibeleni jika phandle ukuba abe kuqala ezininzi unequal treaties watyikitywa Korea Ngayo wanika extraterritorial amalungelo Isijapanese abemi kwi-south Korea, banyanzeleka i-isikorean urhulumente ukuvula ezintathu lamazibuko ukuba Ijapan, ngokukodwa Busan, Incheon kwaye Wonsan.
Kunye ukusayina yayo yokuqala unequal treaty, Korea baba buthathaka kwempembelelo yomoya imperialistic amagunya kwaye emva koko i-treaty wakhokela Korea ukuba abe annexed yi-Japan.
